sentence

Grammar Guide: Types and Structures of Sentences

Prepared by: Sidheshwar N Awad[cite: 10]
Shri Sant Tukaram Junior College, Malharpeth, Tq-patan dist Satara[cite: 10]

What is meant by a Sentence?

A meaningful combination of words which has a complete sequence is called a Sentence[cite: 10].

व्याख्या: अर्थपुर्ण शब्दांचा समुह ज्याला विशिष्ट क्रम ऑहे त्यास वाक्य असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

Examples:

• She is working in the lab. (ती लॅब मध्ये काम करत आहे.)[cite: 10]
• Where is she working? (ती कोठे काम करत आहे?)[cite: 10]
• Is she working in the lab? (ती लॅब मध्ये काम करत आहे का?)[cite: 10]
• Work in the lab. (लॅब मध्ये काम कर.)[cite: 10]

All the above examples are called sentences. Of course, their structure is changed from the previous one[cite: 10].

Types of Sentences

There are four types of sentences (वाक्याचे चार प्रकार पडतात)[cite: 10]:

• Assertive Sentence (विधानार्थी वाक्य)[cite: 10]
• Interrogative Sentence (प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य)[cite: 10]
• Imperative Sentence (आज्ञार्थी वाक्य)[cite: 10]
• Exclamatory Sentence (उदगारवाचक वाक्य)[cite: 10]

1. Assertive Sentences

A sentence that makes an assertion or declaration is called an Assertive or Declarative sentence[cite: 10].

वाक्य जे विधान करते त्यास विधानर्थी वाक्य असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

Structure (वाक्यरचना): S + V + O / RPS[cite: 10]

Examples:

• The earth is a small planet in the solar system[cite: 10].
• Abraham Lincoln would never harm anyone[cite: 10].
• The cow gives us milk[cite: 10].

2. Interrogative Sentences

A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative Sentence[cite: 10].

वाक्य जे प्रश्न विचारत त्यास प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

There are two primary types of Interrogative sentences[cite: 10]:

i) WH- Question

A question which starts by using a wh-word such as What, When, Where, whom, why, Who, How, How many, How much etc, is called a Wh- question[cite: 10].

असा प्रश्न ज्याची सुरूवात What, When, Where, How, How many, How much etc, या शब्दाने होत त्यास WH- Question असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

Structure (वाक्यरचना): Wh word + HV + S + V + ?[cite: 10]

Examples:

• Who are you? (तु कोण आहेस ?)[cite: 10]
• What is your name? (तुझे नाव काय आहे ?)[cite: 10]
• How are you? (तुम्ही कसे आहात ?)[cite: 10]
• Why are you late? (तुला उशीर का झाला ?)[cite: 10]

ii) Verbal / Yes-No Type Question

A question which starts by helping or Auxiliary verbs is called a Verbal Question or Yes No type Question[cite: 10].

असा प्रश्न ज्याची सुरूवात साहयकारी क्रियापदाने होत त्यास Verbal Question or Yes no type Question असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

Primary Auxiliary / Helping Verbs[cite: 10]:

• To be: Am, is, are, was, were[cite: 10]
• To do: Do, does, did[cite: 10]
• To have: Have, has, had[cite: 10]
• Modal Auxiliary: Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, need to, dare to, used to[cite: 10]

Structure (वाक्यरचना): HV + S + V + RPS ? (Remaining part of sentence)[cite: 10]

Examples:

• Are you happy? (तु आनंदी आहेस का ?)[cite: 10]
• Is she singing a song? (ती गाणे गात आहे का ?)[cite: 10]
• Am I completed the homework? (मी गृहपाठ पुर्ण केला आहे का ?)[cite: 10]
• Was that your notebook? (ती तुझी वही होती का ?)[cite: 10]
• Were they visited the America? (त्यांनी अमेरीकेला भेट दिली होती का?)[cite: 10]
• Have you informed your parents? (तु तुझ्या वडीलांना कळवलेले आहे का ?)[cite: 10]
• Has he a big house? (त्याच्या जवळ मोठे घर आहे का ?)[cite: 10]
• Dose she likes you? (तिला तू आवडतोस का)[cite: 10]
• Do We join your party?[cite: 10]
• Did Shital Pay the bill?[cite: 10]

Note: Response of the above questions are only Yes or No, so that Verbal question is also known as Yes no type Question[cite: 10].

3. Imperative Sentences

A sentence that expresses a request, advice, suggestion, command, warn etc is called an Imperative sentence[cite: 10].

असे वाक्य जे विनंती, आज्ञा, सल्ला, सुचना इ. व्यक्त करते त्यास आज्ञार्थी वाक्य असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

Structure (वाक्यरचना): V + O[cite: 10]

Examples:

• Close the Window.[cite: 10]
• Take rest.[cite: 10]
• Don't smoke in public place.[cite: 10]
• Hang him till death.[cite: 10]

Note: To make a Negative imperative sentence use 'Don't' before the Verb[cite: 10]. The subject is not used in this sentence, but it is always 'You' in invisible mode[cite: 10].

4. Exclamatory Sentences

An exclamatory sentence makes a statement that conveys strong emotion or excitement[cite: 10]. Words like Wow!, Brilliant!, Awesome!, Ouch!, Amazing!, Bravo!, Fantastic!, and Tremendous! are used in the sentence[cite: 10]. An Exclamatory (!) mark is also there[cite: 10].

असे वाक्य जे अचानक उदभवणा-या भावना, आश्चर्य व्यक्त करते त्यास उदगारवाचक वाक्य असे म्हणतात[cite: 10].

Structure (वाक्यरचना): What a / how + adj + s + v + ![cite: 10]

Examples:

• What a happy ending![cite: 10]
• How well he listens![cite: 10]
• I'm so mad right now![cite: 10]
• You're such a liar![cite: 10]
• That birthday cake was so good![cite: 10]

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